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- <text id=90TT0595>
- <title>
- Mar. 05, 1990: Echoes In The Depths
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Mar. 05, 1990 Gossip
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- CINEMA, Page 70
- Echoes in the Depths
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Aboard a U.S. attack submarine, a technician suddenly clamps
- on his headphones as bluish-white symbols dance on the
- cathode-ray screens before him. He is picking up an eerie
- metallic message: the echoes of a Soviet submarine nosing
- through the black depths of the Atlantic 40 miles away. A BC-10
- computer "washes" data through its analyzers and, amazingly,
- tells the technician not only the type of sub he is hearing but
- the specific vessel.
- </p>
- <p> This technology, like much else portrayed in The Hunt for
- Red October, is authentic. The U.S. Navy has the capability to
- track Soviet submarines with just such precision,
- electronically gathering underwater sound waves through sonar
- (sound navigation and ranging). The movie's depiction of a
- Soviet sub that can run on a superquiet water-propulsion system
- is not yet a reality. However, Soviet subs have become
- markedly quieter in recent years (partly because of Soviet
- espionage on U.S., Japanese and Norwegian propeller technology,
- which has reduced the cavitation, or spewing of noisy bubbles,
- from the blades). By some estimates, the Soviets are now able
- to slip undetected to within 10,000 yds., or torpedo range, of
- American boats. As a result, U.S. experts are scrambling to
- develop more sophisticated listening techniques.
- </p>
- <p> The world's ocean depths are already giant audio studios for
- the U.S. and the Soviets. Both nations have networks of sonar
- buoys guyed to sea floors and connected by cable to onshore
- listening stations. Both meticulously map the crucial
- topography of the ocean bottom. Both continually analyze the
- thermoclines, or pockets of differing underwater temperature,
- that deflect and distort sound waves.
- </p>
- <p> To improve U.S. subs' tracking ability, one option is to "go
- active" by electronically transmitting a "ping" that would
- locate a target when the sound waves bounce back from it. The
- problem: echoes from the ping would also disclose the location
- of the tracker, even if the ping were generated from a third
- source, such as a buoy towed behind the sub or dangled in the
- water by a helicopter. The alternative is nonacoustic
- detection. For example, researchers are exploring ways of
- sensing a submarine's magnetic field, its thermal radiation or
- the turbulence in its wake. Some are even studying the
- bio-luminescence and the scattering of fish caused by a sub's
- passage. Another approach is radar imaging from orbiting
- satellites, which may be able to register the minute elevation
- of the ocean's surface resulting from a sub gliding beneath.
- </p>
- <p> Whatever the technique, the stakes are high. Despite
- perestroika, Soviet subs still stalk U.S. targets and play
- underwater cat-and-mouse games with their American
- counterparts. The hunt continues.
- </p>
- <p>By Bruce van Voorst/Washington.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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